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13th Dalai Lama
Thubten Gyatso (; 12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet.〔Sheel, R. N. Rahul. "The Institution of the Dalai Lama". ''The Tibet Journal'', Dharamsala, India. Vol. XIV No. 3. Autumn 1989, p. 28. ISSN 0970-5368〕
In 1878 he was recognized as the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. He was escorted to Lhasa and given his pre-novice vows by the Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk, and named "Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal". In 1879 he was enthroned at the Potala Palace, but did not assume political power until 1895, after he had reached his maturity.
Thubten Gyatso was an intelligent reformer who proved himself a skillful politician when Tibet became a pawn in The Great Game between the Russian Empire and the British Empire. He was responsible for countering the British expedition to Tibet, restoring discipline in monastic life, and increasing the number of lay officials to avoid excessive power being placed in the hands of the monks.
==Family==
The 13th Dalai Lama was born in the village of Thakpo Langdun, one day by car, south-east from Lhasa,〔Laird 2007, p.211〕 and near Sam-ye Monastery, Tak-po province, in June, 1876〔Bell (1946); p. 40-42〕 to parents Kunga Rinchen and Lobsang Dolma, a peasant couple.〔http://www.dalailama.com/biography/the-dalai-lamas#13〕 Laird gives his birthdate as 27 May 1876,〔 and Mullin gives it as 'dawn on the 5th month of the Fire Mouse Year (1876).'〔Mullin 1988, p.23〕
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